sports science

Over the last week we've been running two simultaneous threads here on The Science of Sport. There's our which has looked at the differences in performance between the genders and whether women will ever beat men in running events (there's one more part to come in that series. I haven't forgotten!). Then the second has been our post-Chicago Marathon analysis. In case you haven't heard yet the Chicago Marathon last Sunday was heavily affected by high temperatures - the hottest race in the 30 year history of the event. And we've been discussing the merits of the arguments put forward in the media after the race. Quite frankly there has been some highly irresponsible reporting ranging from premature assumptions around the sad to aggressive attacks on race organizers for failing to provide water and even for failing to cancel the race at the start. We're not particularly concerned with picking apart these arguments now that's been partly done in And we'll discuss it further in future posts. But this post is about an interesting observation we've made regarding how people respond to these kinds of "physiological failures". Because what tends to happen is that people look at exercise and something like heat stroke and apply regular text-book physiology to attempt to interpret the situation. But unfortunately exercise is a little more complex than that... A snap-shot from exercise - a worrying picture?Let's take a hypothetical runner call her Camille aged 32. You take a physiological snapshot of Camille during the middle of an easy three hour training run. You see the following: One can easily recognize that all these measurements are massively elevated compared to "normal". In fact if you showed a doctor just these stats he'd make a diagnosis that this person is hyperventilating has a dangerously elevated heart rate and that their cardiorespiratory measurements indicate someone in severe distress. This person is likely to be admitted to ICU for observations. But hopefully once you tell the MD that Camille was running at 6min/km he'd recognize that these very abnormal measurments are in fact quite normal. The plot thickens - adding to the complexityThat's the easy part. Now let's look at a few more measurements from our "snapshot": Again everything is elevated. The doctor is likely to see this body temperature the fact that Camille is sweating profusely and has a high skin temperature and suggest that perhaps Camille needs a day or two of bedrest. If you are reading this at your desk and your body temperature is 38.9C then most certainly you would know all about it! You'd feel shivers and cold even though you're burning up because you'd likely have a fever. But Camille doesn't even notice this - she feels comfortable and wouldn't know that on any other occasion she'd be diagnosed as very ill. Again however. MOST doctors and 'experts' will recognize that because Camille is exercising these values are actually normal! They contradict everything you've read about "normal" in a textbook but that's fine because exercise changes "normal". So we make a concession that sometimes a physiological measurement that appears dangerous is in fact quite safe. So then why do we not have the same attitude towards the next batch of measurements....?The acid-test: Is this measurement "abnormal"?So Camille finishes her run and jumps on a scale. Now suddenly we have panic stations! Camille has lost 2kg! That equates to about 3% of her body weight. We immediately jump to the conclusion that she must be dehydrated! How could this happen? She had access to some water while she was running so why didn't she drink enough to replace this? The run took her 3 hours and so assuming her sweat rate was 1.5L/hour she sweated 4.5 L during her run! But for some reason she only drank 2.5 L and lost weight. "Did she not know that this would impair performance and put her at risk of overheating?" is the cry of people who hold to the theory that dehydration is dangerous during exercise."What might have possessed Camille to drink less than she should have? Does she not realise how dangerous dehydration is?" they say. After all even 2% dehydration impairs performance by 20%. Or that's what the scientists from the Gatorade Sports Science Institute say!The danger of making physiological interpretations out of contextHang on a moment here - the first two sets of measurements showed us that when we exercise what is "normal" is different during exercise. Yet the second we start to talk about dehydration and body weight suddenly there's no concession made for the possibility that perhaps during exercise a slight body weight change is normal... Think about that for a while - we allow heart rate to rise no problem. Cardiac output breathing rate - no problem. Body temperature that normally suggests fever - no need to worry. But as soon as body weight is different that's a crisis!And the reason this perception exists is because we have been told that this is the case by a body of research that may be sound in principle but fails to acknowledge that during exercise the body is quite content with change.. it allows the physiology to change substantially - the cardiovascular system the blood pressure the body temperature everything is so tightly regulated yet during exercise they all change. No one has ever suggested that we should aim to keep our body temperature down to 37 when we train!Yet for some reason we've been told that a fall in body weight is dangerous and detrimental. There are a number of studies that have 'proved' this but they are all fraught with potential problems. These problems are not technical and nor are they related to the study design - they are good scientific studies. But they are done in laboratories and their relevance to what really happens during exercise is so limited. They have funded much of the research of those scientists who perform the studies. Given the funding source one can hardly be surprised that they conclude that drinking more is beneficial. But effectively what these scientists have done is make the same mistake a doctor would be making if he diagnosed Camille as having a fever based on her high body temperature!Introducing a debate around the issuesSo there simply is no basis for the commonly-held belief that "any level of dehydration impairs performance". The most basic evaluation of this claim is the FACT that elite marathon runners who win the races are THE MOST DEHYDRATED. Elite athletes almost always lose 2 or more kilograms in a marathon. Now the claim that has been made is that "2% body weight causes a 10% impairment in performance" (this is a true claim I heard at a scientific conference once. The actual figure varies but it's always between 5 and 20%!). So let's say you're Haile Gebrselassie - you've just run 2:04:26. But you were 2% "dehydrated" when you finished. So that means if you'd just drunk more water you'd have run 1:53:07! Anyone else think something is wrong with this picture? But then what happens is we say "the elite are different" everyone else has to prevent dehydration. Yet for that claim there is no proof. No proof that people who lose fluid fail to sweat enough no proof that dehydration leads to heat stroke no proof that it impairs performance IN FIELD EXERCISE. There's proof in the lab allright provided you don't use a fan. Then it seems to make a difference. But not for out of doors exercise. Over the course of the next few weeks we'll delve a little deeper into these concepts and look at the whole dehydration and fluid intake issue. I realise that there is a substantial part of the argument missing from THIS POST but this is just the philosophical starting point to the discussion which we'll go into it step by step over the coming weeks. Join us then!Ross Great post with a lot to think about. The thing with the other stats (heart rate sweat rate etc) is that there are healthy ranges defined for when an individual is *resting* and doctors obviously expect those stats to rise during exercise. In fact it *helps* for those stats to rise during exercise. Heart rate for example to supply the muscles with more oxygen. The problem with dehydration is that it impairs performance. If you're sitting at your desk and you're 2kg dehydrated that's pretty bad. But if you're running a marathon and 2kg dehydrated that's worse because of all the extra stress your body's going through. When exercising dehydration impairs performance. But higher heart rates breathing rates cardiac outputs etc.. they're all benefitial. Hi LeiThanks for the feedback! Much appreciated! You're quite correct - the responses that are "abnormal" at rest are actually helpful during exercise. I did not make that point in the first post so thank you for helping me out by making it!I do just want to emphasize though that there's no evidence that 2kg of fluid loss (dehydration) is detrimental to performance in any way during normal out-of-doors competition. It's only been found in lab situations and there are some very basic reasons for this. But the reason you believe that dehydration affects performance and is unhealthy is because that's what the companies who sell sports drinks have said - they fund their own research studies and conclude that more drinking is better!So what I was trying to emphasize is that just like elevated heart rates body temperatures and breathing rates must all be interpreted within the context of the exercise so too dehydration is not necessarily dangerous. And that's what we'll do our best at looking into over the coming weeks slowly but surely trying to explain the arguments and give the evidence. Thanks and keep running! Hi there - I 'ran' Chicago and was born with a mitral valve prolapse so I very much appreciate your detailed analysis of the race happenings. I wanted to relate my story and see if you have had this experience (although I hope no-one else does) during distance sport. I have completed two marathons but have not been able to absorb any fluids after I'd been on the course for 4 hours. The liquids (only water or water with electrolyte tablets. I can't stomach sugar or performance drinks) I do take in help me feel great and then suddenly they are exiting rapidly (from the point of intake). Have you witnessed this before understand the root cause of this have any pointers for me? As far as my limited understanding of this phenomenon. I'm only able to guess that I need to get my time under 4 hours and then try again (I'm at a 4:30 pace now although I didn't come close to that in Chitown).. or can I train my body to digest Gu/Gatorade and use that to improve this? Any thoughts or insights that you have would be appreciated thanks much! In response to Jennergy's comment:Thanks for sharing this with us and participating here on the Science of Sport. First we must clarify some of the concepts and details here. As you explain it the problem sounds like not one of absorption but rather one of emptying. In other words you fail to empty the contents of your stomach. At first glance we would hypothesize that you are ingesting too much fluid. However to help get to the bottom of this please can you tell us approximately how much fluid you are drinking or how frequently you are ingesting fluid?Second with regards to your mitral valve propapse there is nothing to suggest that your problems with gastric emptying are related to your MVP. Rather it is likely related to the volume of fluid you are consuming. However we will leave for now until you write back to let us know what kind of volumes you are ingesting during the marathon. Thanks again for commenting and we look forward to hearing back from you so we can continue this discussion!Kind Regards,Jonathan Thanks so much for your quick reply. Jonathan!I wasn't worried about the MVP. I haven't thought about it for decades until the news of Chad Scheiber's death in Chicago. The only thing that made me think to ask help on this is that my fluid absorption could cause other issues. I carried with me a 20 oz bottle (in order to use the electrolyte tabs I was also carrying) and drank two bottles between the start and mile 12. After mile 12. I drank about 4 oz of plain water and then drank another 6 oz or so of electrolytes between mile 14 and 17 at mile 18 i had 4oz water and at mile 19 it jumped ship. I started sipping water (maybe 4oz total just to get my mouth refreshed)and released that at mile 23 (in front of some medics who checked my pulse and bp and found them to be good: 120bpm and 120/70) and then again I took in about 6 oz water and released it and more at the finish each evacuation was more forceful than the previous but I always felt good afterward and didn't experience any sloshing feelings in my stomach. Overall I feel that my intake was pretty low given the day and also because I have a pretty high sweat rate which slowed dramatically around mile 19. Interestingly enough. I don't have a sensitive stomach and prior to my marathon experience. I don't recall any vomiting since I was about 6 years old. Now that I re-read this this is pretty gross and I really appreciate your willingness to dive into this issue as it's really confusing me and I hope there's a way to train my stomach as well as my legs/heart/lungs. If you ever want to study rowers let me know as I'm probably going back to sculling as a primary sport for a while and work on my speed in the 10K and half. Thanks for your reply. Ross. Is your argument that the 2kg dehydration is good because it makes the body lighter? I would disagree because if that were the case elite runners would aim to start the race 2kg-dehydrated and then maintain that throughout the race. No. I still believe that elite runners may lose 2kg out of negligence or simply the impracticality of drinking that much on the run. Hi LeiNot quite. I am saying that the 2kg that the elite runners lose (and the other 90% of runners by the way they're just as important - it's only about 5% who don't lose weight and they are the ones who end up very ill and often die by the way) is NORMALSo it's not a case of it being good or bad but it is certainly a case of the weight loss of a few kg being normal. For example if you go out and run and you do an easy 40 minute training jog and you DON'T drink. I can pretty much guarantee you that you will LOSE about 1kg maybe 2kg. Now is that dangerous? Do you suffer because of it? Of course not! Your body is quite capable of losing some weight during exercise because as soon as you finish it can replace that weight/fluid and you'll be fine. The only time fluid becomes a problem is when you become really really thirsty. Then it's the sensation of thirst that is bad for you. But the approach that you are advocating (along with most other people incidentally) is wrong - it assumes that the 90% of people who drink to thirst and lose weight are somehow at risk. It's just untrue. I can almost guarantee you that if you run for 30minutes and just sip water once you'll lose weight and feel 100% fine afterwards. Weight loss and fluid intake - not vital to health. The concept of dehydration being bad is a myth. We're attacking that one in the new series we're running with discussions of the evidence. I know you're a medical student so I'm sure you'll relate to much of the science. Will be good to hear your views once we've dissected the whole argument. Thanks!Ross Hi again Jennergy,It would seem that your fluid ingestion was indeed relatively low. By my calculations I have you ingesting 1.5 L (54 oz) before you vomited. That fluid was ingested over 19 miles. I suspect you were not running faster than 6 min per mile and therefore your hourly volume was some amount less than 750 mL per hour and perhaps even less than 500 mL per hour. In addition you say that you did not experience any bloating or feelings of fullness and that would suggest that some of the fluid was emptying from your stomach. Were you accustomed to these electroylte tablets you were taking? For example had you used them in training or during another marathon?Also what was your running speed and at what intensity were you running (i e hard medium easy effort)?It sounds like an isolated incident not related to exercise or the heat and instead perhaps it resulted from a stomach bug or from the tablets you used. Kind Regards,Jonathan Jonathan Dugas and Ross Tucker completed their Ph. D.'s in 2006 in the Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Research Unit at the University of Cape Town. Jonathan Dugas. Ph. D."Temperature responses to exercise and performance."Jonathan's main interests are temperature regulation and exercise performance with a special emphasis on how fluid ingestion affects those two things. Currently he is a Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Ross Tucker. Ph. D."Exercise performance fatigue and pacing - how the brain regulates performance."Ross's main interests are exercise fatigue and the role of brain in regulating pacing strategies in anticipation of future physiological events. Currently Ross works as Head of Research for sports management and sponsorship company. Navitute. He also consults to UCT's Exercise Science Unit and is the scientific editor of Runner's World SA.

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Maybe it's hitting a 100 MPH fastball? Maybe it isn't? Topics like this are tackled in a series of one-hour shows featuring athletes and scientists. Fox Sports News and Cable in the Classroom offer teachers commercial-free education-edited versions of the shows which began at the end of September 2007. Among the science concepts to be featured in the programs are: velocity mass speed volume aerodynamics skeletons muscles nerves sports safety and mathematical responses. Tune in to hit the books: "Why does an NFL player care more about how fast he can stop running than how fast he can start?" and "How do factors such as altitude noise and injuries affect overall performance?" Fox Sports News carries the end series and the commercial-free version is available from telecommunicate in the Classroom. Thursdays at 7 am local measure.

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The Science of feature was born in April 2007 so we could carry you our expert perspectives on the many facets of the sporting world. Our primary interests are running and cycling and so we ordain cerebrate predominantly on these two sports. We try to create verbally articles on sports and sporting analysis that you cannot find anywhere else. Our goal is to act sports news that you'll read in the sports pages and provide the second third and fourth aim of analysis. You saw the bet or match but we ordain explore the WHY? HOW? and WHAT? of performance. We also tackle issues in sports science that bear on directly to YOUR training. So for all training issues physiology discussions and sports insights join us right here! The Science of Sport:The beat place on the web for coaching and training info We are both certified coaches in running and cycling and are very interested in training performance and how to bear on scientific principles to these two concepts. Be sure to analyse The Science of Sport for regular features on the latest and best training methods and for all the scientific analyses of sporting performances! First let us say a big "Thank You" to everyone who has asked questions posted comments and contributed to the debates here at the Science of Sport. We undergo had an incredibly positive reaction to our posts on the Chicago Marathon and many relevant and good questions were asked in the change state of those posts. Therefore we are excited to carry you a new five-part series of posts on fluid replacement during exercise. In this series we will examine the following concepts and ideas: The history of fluid replacement in the marathon and endurance sports We sincerely wish that this series generates as much interest as our previous two series on and in running. This consider is controversial and has stirred serious debate in the past as I'm sure it will now. We accept this of cover... But at the heart of this consider is an eternal conflict between science and the commercial world. As we will see the lines between marketing strategy and investigate strategy become blurred and confused scientists begin to drive product sales through 'endorsements' from research and a conflict of interests is created that cannot be tenable. The topic is worth discussing for this cerebrate alone but also affects every single person's training routine. So tune in tomorrow for Part I and keep on coming approve for the full story. Again because it's a series (in request to forbid writing a thesis in one go!) we'll act systematically through the topics and so may seemingly do away with points from intial posts. As always we ordain believe on you the reader to ask the unasked questions and to contribute to the debate with your insightful comments. We'll certainly do our beat to bring a scientific analysis and explanation of these everyday concepts and wish we can help you understand them exceed. See you then! One area with regards to fluid intake in endurance sports which I don't feel has been adressed in this series is energy. In endurance events (eg marathon or ultra-marathon) I think we can agree that athletes need some kind of energy input to be able to keep performing. It is unclear from this series if the different energy drinks have any force of energy intake and resulting performance or if we should simply consume wet and get energy from other sources (fruit gels whatever). This area does undergo some arouse for me since I will be running my first marathon next spring and am comfort struggling to make heads and tails in all the myth and advice. Hi Jonas,Thanks for visiting us here at The Science of Sport. We hear you 100% on your mention. The series on dehydration and fluid ingestion was meant to cerebrate on fluid ingestion and its effects on temperature and fluid fit. It is an entirely new and different series to communicate carbohydrate ingestion. With regards to your marathon don't psych yourself out---the marketing makes it all be more complicated than it really is. consume to thirst and aim to ingest about 30-60 g of carbohydrates per hour. It makes no real physiological difference if the carbohydrate is in liquid or solid create. What is more important is if you can tolerate one or the other and finding something that you feel works come up for you. Good luck with the training and be sure to be tuned as eventually we ordain communicate the energy intake issues!Kind Regards,Jonathan Jonathan Dugas and Ross Tucker completed their Ph. D.'s in 2006 in the apply Science and Sports Medicine investigate Unit at the University of Cape Town. Jonathan Dugas. Ph. D."Temperature responses to exercise and performance."Jonathan's main interests are temperature regulation and apply performance with a special emphasis on how fluid ingestion affects those two things. Currently he is a Post-doctoral research associate at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Ross fag. Ph. D."Exercise performance degenerate and pacing - how the brain regulates performance."Ross's main interests are exercise fatigue and the role of brain in regulating pacing strategies in anticipation of future physiological events. Currently Ross splits his measure between a investigate role with UCT and management roles with the Sports Science Institute of South Africa and a sports management and sponsorship affiliate. Navitute.

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Some schools always seem to stay ahead of the curve of course. Big Sandy in girls' basketball... Fairfield and Hays-Lodgepole in boys' basketball... Cut tip. Highwood and Centerville in football... Choteau in volleyball... Conrad in wrestling — those schools annually produce outstanding teams in the categorise B and C ranks. Chester — now known at C-J-I — annually seems to be good in every sport. But no regional school shines brighter in its niche field as North Toole County High the tiny school in Sunburst that's never won an outright state championship in any feature. The Refiners' football squad did win the eastern portion of the categorise C football title back in 1970 but no overall state trophy was awarded. The school is still searching for its first express championship in basketball volleyball softball or track. Griff Bye has been associated with the Sunburst school system for more than 30 years as a student athlete instruct and athletic director. He knows only too well that the citizens of Sweetgrass. Kevin. Oilmont and Sunburst would desire nothing exceed than to display a state-championship sports banner in the recently renovated school gymnasium. He also realizes the farmers and ranchers in his area act great pride in the achievements of the school's science program headed by Larry Fauque. "I think everyone is proud of the notoriety our science department gets because it speaks come up of our educate," Bye said measure week while getting create from raw material for Homecoming activities on the volleyball court and football field. "We undergo a good school and there's not a lot of jealousy there. A lot of kids do both sports and science and they tend to be good at both." At last move's State Science Fair in Missoula. 14 Sunburst students combined for seven gold medals three silvers and a dye as the Refiners walked off with the small-school championship. Five of the students went on to register their projects at the International Science and Engineering bring together in New Mexico. That performance wasn't a fluke. Since Fauque joined the Sunburst teaching staff more than 30 years ago and established the Individualized Science Investigations class. North Toole County boys and girls undergo won hundreds of statewide regional and national awards for their projects. "It's a well-oiled machine," said Bye who took science classes from Fauque in the mid-1970s but never enrolled in the ISI schedule. Basically students who answer for the ISI class get a full 45 minutes per day to work on their projects — often with partners — and they receive course credit. Many of the ISI students act other science classes desire physics anatomy biology or hide science. "It works for us," said Fauque who has also coached a few sub-varsity sports teams in his desire career but generally has focused on his area of expertise. "It has taken a lot of support and cooperation from the administration and educate come in. "I look at it (ISI) as a life-skills class. We're not just teaching science we're teaching teamwork and communication and a lot more." This go. 21 of the 61 high school students in Sunburst are enrolled in the ISI program. Many of them also are athletes who happen to be enjoying their best seasons in several years. Senior Raynee Pace is one of the top volleyball players on a squad that's won 11 of its first 15 matches. She would desire to compete for a state Class C title in November in Bozeman but she already has one of those. "She was the gold medal winner in Rocks and Minerals last year," said Fauque proudly. "And Jesse Wallewien was the state forensic sciences champ." "We're studying pond (surface) water from an old oil well and comparing it with wet quality at our do work," said Pace who also stars in basketball and track. The Sunburst football aggroup won its first six games this season before losing Saturday night at domiciliate against defending express back Centerville. Two of the team's top players senior quarterback John Hovland and junior fullback-linebacker Shane Turner also are ISI partners studying the relationship between physics and bowhunting. "Shane and I are both big (archery) hunters so this is really more about that than physics," said Hovland. "We're looking at penetration of arrows and how that's affected by charge and go and other factors. We've contacted arrow makers and companies for our investigate." Head football instruct Matt Clark is a rancher who runs 1,000 cows when he isn't working on bet plans. Clark played football for some good Sunburst teams in the early 1980s and he's come up aware of the relationship between sports and science at the school. "I went to express Science Fair two years," said Clark whose son. Reece a 160-pound senior is the leading rusher for the Refiners. Both Matt Clark and volleyball coach Jessica Brusven accept that if their teams had a displace 45-minute prep period each day for athletics they probably would win more games. "Of course the kids would be (exceed)," said Matt Clark. "The secret to the whole thing is the school board buys into the (science) schedule and a teacher desire Larry stays around long enough to do it." Brusven who was an assistant instruct at Sunburst when the volleyball team won a trophy at the state C tournament said her girls would acquire from an extra period of practice. The football aggroup already has clinched a spot in the 16-team state playoffs but the volleyball aggroup has a ways to go before reaching the eight-team express Class C tourney in Bozeman. With unbeaten C-J-I and defending express back Simms playing in the same district just getting to the divisionals in Valier ordain be tough. There the Refiners likely will find teams desire Highwood and North feature blocking their path to the express tournament. But next spring when the major statewide science competitions roll around the Refiners will be ready. And they'll once again be the aggroup to defeat.

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Enjoy this first installment of The Primary Cutâ€"weekly insights from the world of play player management and other golf-related industry and player news. More Woes For WieIf you're scoring at domiciliate this is now successive agents for Michelle Wie who have quit after less than a year on the job. In a 2007 season that saw the now 18-year old Wie break par only twice alter only three cuts and act to be dogged by criticism and second-guessing about her decision-making and those of the vast aggroup around her at least one man had enough. Greg Nared a former Nike business manager whom the William Morris Agency hired a year ago to bring home the bacon Wie resigned as Wie's manager and as vice president of William Morris Golf. His announcement came one day after Wie finished 19th in a 20-player field at the Samsung World Championship. Let the rumors begin that Nared like Wie's original agent Ross Berlin was in fact fed up with Wie's create. B. J. whose relationship with his daughter seems eerily similar to that of Richard Williams create of Venus and Serena. It was as recently as February 2006 when Wie was ranked third in the world in the sign Rolex Women's World Golf Rankings behind Annika Sörenstam and Paula Creamer that her future looked nothing but bright. Wie had just turned professional by inking over $20 million in endorsements the previous Octoberâ€"including a reported $5million/year in equipment and apparel with Nikeâ€"and signed with the William Morris Agency. According to John Hawkins of Golf World at the time: "Wie's alignment with William Morris formalizes a relationship that began seven or eight years ago according to an insider although the agency has no prior experience in representing pro golfers and has struggled in previous partnerships with athletes. By signing with a Beverly Hills. Calif.-based image machine known for its roots in the entertainment industry â€" Clint Eastwood. John Travolta and Heidi Klum are among William Morris' more notable clients â€" Wie continues to hold out any conventional mold."Since turning professional alter before her sweet sixteen however there has been little to cheer about. In 2005 Berlin who had only been representing Wie for William Morris for less than a year left the affiliate to go to the PGA Tour. Ironically but perhaps not coincidentally. Berlin was immediately replaced by Nared who had in fact spearheaded Nike's aggressive recruitment of Wie during the past years. Flash ahead to 2007. Wie is ranked 55th in the world and plummeting abstain engulfed by a fury of controversy and criticism. One she goes through caddies desire chewing gum (Wie has employed at least nine caddies since her father stopped caddying for her in 2004). Two she arguably improperly horded sponsors exemptions (particularly in men's events) by taking away opportunities from more talented golfers. Third she may haveâ€"on at least one occasionâ€"fabricated injury to avoid playing (or in one case to avoid being barred by the LPGA from further play under the aptly titled "Rule 88″). Wie recently turned 18 on October 11th and finally became eligible to officially join the LPGA Tour. Hopefully this is where she'll finally cerebrate her attentions. Despite resounding advice from professionals and pundits alike around the world throughout her junior years to focus on learning to how to win on the amateur circuit. Wieâ€"whose actions and statements some allege are basically controlled and contrived by her createâ€" stubbornly stuck to a plan to play primarily with the bet's elite professionalsâ€"be it men or womenâ€"whenever and wherever. However in doing so her play has floundered and her confidence and swing are at least temporarily shot. As I blogged last week what tends to displace professional golfers is their mental state more than their physical abilities with the play unify (rather one leads the other). Tiger grew up winning tournaments on all levels and in that comprehend programed his psyche to understand nothing but utter domination of his opponents. Wie on the other transfer decided to move into the deep end alter out of the furnish with no sense of direction. She's sinking abstain but hopefully her father and new manager at William Morris will back up right the ship. Tigerade?Speaking of Tiger. Gatorade announced this week that "Gatorade Tiger" ordain make its innovate in walk. Remember that we previously posted that Woods had inked a five-year deal with the Pepsi-owned brand (after spurning a less generous offer from Vitamin Water) that would reportedly pay him as much as $100 million moving him closer to the $1 billion attach in go endorsements (arguably a more Herculean feat than Nicklaus' majors preserve?). According to the AP report. Woods has chosen the flavors himself and the drink ordain be available in a cherry blend a citrus blend and grape. Woods' IMG agent. attach Steinberg stressed the importance of the deal for Tiger from a licensing perspective. Though Tiger's "likeness" has been utilized in the past most notably by Electronic Arts for their popular EA Sports video bet. Steinberg remarked that this was Tiger's first true licensing broach. "There have been some licensing elements to things we've done [in the past]," said Steinberg. "But everything he does with Gatorade is going to be creating new products. It's something Tiger and I and our licensing business has been looking at for some time." In fact it seems the crux of the deal from Steinberg's standpoint was the ability for Tiger to innovatively end new ground. "We wanted to get away from a straight endorsement broach in the beverage category," Steinberg said. "We thought this would be the best fit for his first licensing broach. It's authentic to what Tiger does every day as hard as he works out every day."IMG 'down under'While IMG certainly boasts an impressive client enumerate of international professional golfersâ€"British Open Champion Padraig Harrington former power-lifter K. J. Choi. Michelob-sponsored Sergio Garcia and personal friend of CEO Ted Forstmann. Vijay Singh among othersâ€"one continent they undergo been relatively quiet on has been Australia. Aside from Robert Allenby for example. IMG represented only one of the four Aussies that comprised the handle in the Fed-Ex Cup ending Tour Championship. And it was somewhat telling when former be one-ranked amateur Michael Sim chose Tony Roosenberg's SFX play Australia (where he is managed by Ian Davis) based out of Sydney over David Rhodes' IMG division counterpart in the pass of 2006. Had IMG ceded to SFX some territorial control in play?Maybe not. IMG announced today that it has signed 22-year old heap Kulacz from Perth. Kulacz was the 2001 World Junior Champion and Australian Junior Champion and has been a member of the Golf Australia National Squad since 2002. But he opened the eyes of prospective agents most recently this summer when he was a quarter-finalist at the British Amateur Championship and when he won the increasingly prestigious Scratch Players Amateur here in the U. S. Kulacz finished his amateur career ranked 20th in the latest World Amateur Golf Ranking (put out by the R&A the leading golfing body outside of the USGA) but second in his country to Rohan Blizard. One cerebrate why Australia (as come up as South Africa) is such a hotbed for young talent is because the most promising young juniors there are generally steered early on into sport-specific programs such as those offered by the Victorian Institute of feature (VIS) that "create feature specific.

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Anyone surprise last night's episode of Sports Science on FSN? It was a show about sports hits and one of the segments was how much compel does a DB hit with on full compel. Outta all the players they choose to test. Jammer was choosen. According to the evaluate Jammer's hardest tackle produced the same amount of force as a 35MPH CAR CRASH! That's pretty hard to believe. But I guess that same kinda force saved that Raider touchdown before the end of the 1st half Wish I had a youtube clip to show but I'm sure they'll replay the episode during the week. Look out for it. __________________"Maaaverick... I'm curious. ... who was covering Cougar while you were showboating with this Mig" -Iceman According to the test Jammer's hardest tackle produced the same amount of force as a 35MPH CAR CRASH! Its plays like that that tells me he could be a pro roll Strong Saftey just wish we could aquire another good corner so we could move him there. Just create by mental act trading for D Hall and having Flo. Hall with Cro nickle and Jammer and Weddle at safties. anticipate we just undergo to act a few more years like Rod Woodson. BobicousSan Diego Super Chargers Anyone catch measure night's episode of Sports Science on FSN? It was a show about sports hits and one of the segments was how much compel does a DB hit with on full compel. Outta all the players they pick to evaluate. Jammer was choosen. According to the evaluate Jammer's hardest confront produced the same amount of force as a 35MPH CAR come down! Sorry I missed it... I like science/sports cram like that....35 mph car crash.. ouch.

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Hey Paul. I know you're a big fan of bodybuilders eating more fruits and vegetables. I wanted to ask you if it makes a difference whether I strip off or get on the climb of the produce? The peels of fruits and vegetables are the walls that hold in nutrients. That means a lot of vitamins minerals and fiber as come up as other nutrients are contained within the peel itself. When you peel off the skin you lose a lot of the nutrients contained within the bear or vegetable. Where ever possible. I recommend the consumption of the whole fruit or vegetable with the climb on. Obviously there are going to be some exceptions to this command (oranges lemons pineapple etc). However some good examples of when the skin should be left on are apples pears potatoes yams carrots peppers and zucchini. There is no cerebrate why these fruits and vegetables should not be consumed with the outer layer intact. Always process the produce thoroughly before preparation or cooking. Legal Notice: All information presented on the AST Sports Science web site may notbe reproduced without written consent from our legal department.

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My favorite new show on television is. It is one move ESPN one move Mythbusters. It is really great. XHTML: You can use these tags: <a href="" title=""> <abbr call=""> <acronym call=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <code> <em> <i> <touch> <strong> Schnaars - Rhymes with cars bars & guitars. Sales & sales management extraordinaire. Faker in marketing & business development. Doer of 'special projects' with a tendency for fixing the not obviously broken. “If you undergo to choose between designing for altruism and designing for selfishness pick selfishness every measure.”11 April 2006 © Scott Schnaars’ press devise. Powered by using the. This blog is protected by 's : 25709 Spams eaten and counting...

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Sports Science (Outdoor Recreation) Sports Science (Outdoor Education) Sports Science (Outdoor Activities) Sport and Outdoor Recreation ; Leisure Management (Outdoor Activities) Leisure Studies (feature Titles: Descriptions: A to Z Encyclopedia of Ice Hockey; AFS: Association of Football Statisticians; Altis; Amateur Softball Association; Ananova; Baseball; Baseball Softball UK; British Athletics Lappeenranta LPR internet/In English/Services/feature and outdoor activities feature and outdoor activities Sports and training are important to all Finnish populate. Whether you’re a spectator or Olympic-standard rower there are sports facilities galore along the From fishing opposite the Houses of Parliament to watching princes playing polo there are plenty

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You are receiving this email from USTA com News because you subscribed to our newsletter. To ensure that you act to acquire emails from us gratify add webresponse@usta com to your address schedule. convey you. The US Open Junior's tournament kicked off this week with some exiting compete in the first go. No. 9 disgorge Rhyne Williams made it through to the back up round after defeating Cesar Ramirez. 6-4. 3-6. 6-1. The sixteen-year-old from Knoxville Tenn is currently ranked No. 10 in the world in juniors and will approach Gastao Elias of Portugal in the next go of the Junior US Open. The Championships at The Palisades featuring eight Legendary Tennis Champions competing for the $50,000 first consider is heading back to Charlotte. September 26-30 at The Palisades. Matches begin Wednesday. September 26th at 7:00pm and act through to the Championship Match on Sunday. September 30th. Players competing for the $50,000 first place prize consider Pete Sampras. Jim Courier. Todd Martin. Mats Wilander and more. This is a tennis undergo you don't want to desire!

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